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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Operation of Maritime Transport</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Operation of Maritime Transport</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Эксплуатация морского транспорта</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1992-8181</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">53929</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34046/aumsuomt103/25</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Раздел 3 СУДОВЫЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ УСТАНОВКИ, СИСТЕМЫ И УСТРОЙСТВА</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ON BOARD POWER PLANTS, SYSTEMS AND DEVICES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Раздел 3 СУДОВЫЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ УСТАНОВКИ, СИСТЕМЫ И УСТРОЙСТВА</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF USING AMMONIA AS A FUEL FOR A MARINE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АММИАКА В КАЧЕСТВЕ ТОПЛИВА ДЛЯ МОРСКОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Брезеан</surname>
       <given-names>Октавиан-Андрей </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>BREZEAN</surname>
       <given-names>Octavian Andrei </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Золотых</surname>
       <given-names>А </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zolotykh</surname>
       <given-names>A </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гусев</surname>
       <given-names>Д </given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Gusev</surname>
       <given-names>D </given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Епихин</surname>
       <given-names>Алексей Иванович I</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Epikhin</surname>
       <given-names>A I</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>bsmbeton@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шкода</surname>
       <given-names>Валентин Васильевич V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Skoda</surname>
       <given-names>V V</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>vshkoda@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тория</surname>
       <given-names>Теодор Георгиевич G</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Toria</surname>
       <given-names>T G</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Геворгян</surname>
       <given-names>А С</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Gevorgyan</surname>
       <given-names>A S</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Политехнический университет г.Бухарест</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Политехнический университет г.Бухарест</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Краснодарское высшее военное авиационное училище летчиков им. А.К. Серова</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Краснодарское высшее военное авиационное училище летчиков им. А.К. Серова</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-6">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-7">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2022</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>134</fpage>
   <lpage>141</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2022</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://aumsu.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/53929/view">https://aumsu.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/53929/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье рассматривается аммиак как альтернатива современным видам топлива. Представлена теоретическая компоновка двигателя, работающего на аммиаке. В статье сравнивают аммиак с другими альтер нативными видами топлива, сравниваются цены на аммиак с дизельным и тяжелым топливом, анализируются выбросы вредных веществ на различных стадиях использования аммиака - производстве, транспортировке и сжигании на судне. Новизна этой статьи заключается в том, что аммиак часто не рассматривается в качестве альтернативы традиционным видам топлива, конкурируя с водородом и природным газом Однако она имеет ряд преимуществ, как познавательных, так и технических, и экономических В статье также рассматриваются 3 способа преобразования морских двигателей в аммиак, 2 из которых применимы к уже эксплуатируемым судам. Проведено сопоставление цен на аммиак с другими видами топлива. Использование аммиака дает возможность снизить выброс вредных веществ в атмосферу, что экономически оправдано. Рассмотрены методы перехода на него и повышения КПД двигателя. Отсутствуют выбросы СO2 и SOx, a NOx значительно сокращается. Аммиак дешевле, чем HFO и DO, а также Н2 и LNG. Перевод судового двигателя на аммиак возможен за счет увеличения степени сжатия, использования принудительного зажигания, а также использования его в сочетании с присадками, перечисленными в статье.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article considers ammonia as an alternative to modem fuels. A theoretical lay out of an engine running on ammonia is presented. The article compares ammonia with other alternative fuels, compares ammonia prices with diesel and heavy fuels, analyzes emissions of harmful substances at different stages of ammonia use -production, transportation and combustion on a ship. The novelty of this article is that ammonia is often not considered as an alternative to traditional fuels, competing with hy drogen and natural gas. However, it has a number of advantages, both environmental and technical and economic. The article also discusses 3 methods for converting marine engines to ammonia, 2 of which are applicable to ships already in operation. Comparison of prices for ammonia with other fuels has been made. The use of ammonia makes it possible to reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere, which is economically justified. The methods of switching to it and increasing the efficiency of the engine are considered. There are no C02 and SOx emissions and NOx is greatly reduced. Ammonia is cheaper than HFО and DO, as well as H2 and LNG. Transferring a marine engine to ammonia is possible by increasing the compression ratio, using forced ignition, and also using it in conjunction with the additives listed in the article.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>СO2</kwd>
    <kwd>SOx</kwd>
    <kwd>NOx</kwd>
    <kwd>эффективность</kwd>
    <kwd>производство</kwd>
    <kwd>транспортировка и хранение</kwd>
    <kwd>коррозия</kwd>
    <kwd>сгорание</kwd>
    <kwd>компоновка двигателя</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>CO2</kwd>
    <kwd>SOx</kwd>
    <kwd>NOx</kwd>
    <kwd>efficiency</kwd>
    <kwd>production</kwd>
    <kwd>transportation and storage</kwd>
    <kwd>corrosion</kwd>
    <kwd>combustion</kwd>
    <kwd>engine lay out</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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