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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Operation of Maritime Transport</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Operation of Maritime Transport</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Эксплуатация морского транспорта</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1992-8181</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">53863</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34046/aumsuomtl01/19</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Раздел 3 СУДОВЫЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ УСТАНОВКИ, СИСТЕМЫ И УСТРОЙСТВА</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ON BOARD POWER PLANTS, SYSTEMS AND DEVICES</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Раздел 3 СУДОВЫЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ УСТАНОВКИ, СИСТЕМЫ И УСТРОЙСТВА</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The use of ammonia as fuel for ships in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Использование аммиака в качестве топлива для судов с целью снижения выбросов диоксида углерода в атмосферу</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Нейжмак</surname>
       <given-names>М Р</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Neizhmak</surname>
       <given-names>M R</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>niikliail.neyzlimak@mail.га</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Епихин</surname>
       <given-names>А И</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Epikhin</surname>
       <given-names>A I</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>bsmbeton@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Модина</surname>
       <given-names>М А</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Modina</surname>
       <given-names>M A</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>iiiarisliamodina@yandex.ra</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">ФГБОУ ВО «ГМУ им. адм. Ф.Ф. Ушакова»</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2021</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-25T20:22:29+03:00">
    <day>25</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2021</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>131</fpage>
   <lpage>137</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-20T20:22:29+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2021</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://aumsu.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/53863/view">https://aumsu.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/53863/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье рассмотрено одно из перспективных решений проблемы выбросов парниковых газов с судов. Использование аммиака в качестве топливо имеет ряд преимуществ по сравнению с другими аналогами углеродно-нейтральных топлив. В статье приведены сравнения физико-химических показателей современных топлив. Представлены диаграммы выбросов на стадии производства и эксплуатации. Произведен анализ цен на аммиак вплоть до 2050 года. Рассмотрены методы получения зеленого, серого и синего аммиака в промышленных масштабах. Отдельное внимание достойно того, что технология уже начинает внедряться крупными двигателестроительными компаниями такие как MAN и Wartsila. К 2024 -2025 году должны появится первые суда, имеющие на своем борту энергетическую установку, работающую на аммиаке. В статье описаны основные принципы работы такой машины и продемонстрированы отличия от традиционных двигателей. Также рассмотрена принципиальная схема топливоподачи двигателя и особая система сокращения выбросов оксида азота. Произведено сравнение с водородным топливом с учетом всех преимуществ и недостатков. По завершении всех работ, можно говорить о том, что для выполнения плана ИМО по снижении выбросов к 2050 году, аммиак является одним из крайне удачных решений как с экологической, так и с экономической стороны.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article discusses one of the promising solutions to the problem of greenhouse gas emissions from ships. The use of ammonia as a fuel has a number of advantages over other carbon-neutral fuel analogues. The article presents comparisons of physicochemical parameters of modem fuels. Diagrams of emissions at the production and operation stages are presented. The analysis of ammonia prices up to 2050 has been carried out. Methods of obtaining green, gray and blue ammonia on an industrial scale are considered. Special attention is worthy of the fact that the technology is already beginning to be implemented by large engine companies such as MAN and Wartsila. By 2024-2025, the first ships with an ammonia-powered power plant on board should appear. The article describes the basic principles of operation of such a machine and demonstrates the differences from traditional engines. A schematic diagram of the fuel supply of the engine and a special system for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions are also considered. A comparison with hydrogen fuel has been made, taking into account all the advantages and disadvantages. Upon completion of all work, we can say that in order to fulfill the IMO plan to reduce emissions by 2050, ammonia is one of the extremely successful solutions from both the environmental and economic side.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>экология</kwd>
    <kwd>альтернативные виды топлива</kwd>
    <kwd>выбросы вредных веществ с судов</kwd>
    <kwd>затраты</kwd>
    <kwd>аммиак</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>ecology</kwd>
    <kwd>alternative fuels</kwd>
    <kwd>emissions of harmful substances from ships</kwd>
    <kwd>costs</kwd>
    <kwd>ammonia</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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